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Influence of convection drying with hot air on the physicochemical and phytochemical properties of green banana flour (Musa cavendish) - Unalm

Influence of convection drying with hot air on the physicochemical and phytochemical properties of green banana flour (Musa cavendish)

Autores:

Espinoza-Espinoza LA, Juárez-Ojeda CE, Ruiz-Flores LA, Moreno-Quispe LA, Anaya-Palacios MS and Cárdenas-Quintana H (2023).

The present study focuses on the effect of different drying temperatures (DT) (40, 60 and 80°C) and the combination of banana slice thicknesses (BST) (2 and 4 mm) on the physicochemical properties and phytochemicals of green banana flour (GBF). The influence of the drying temperature and thickness of the banana pulp slice were significant (p < 0.05) on the TPC and % inhibition of the DPPH radical. As the temperature increased from 60 to 80°C and the thickness decreased from 4 to 2 mm, the TPC values (225.69 ± 5.13 GAE/100 g DW) and % inhibition of the DPPH radical (91.08 ± 2.28%) were higher, respectively. Physicochemical properties such as: soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and ashes were not influenced by DT and BST; and the humidity values were < 10%. These findings indicate that drying with hot air from 60 to 80°C and thicknesses <4 mm favor a greater conservation of the antioxidant capacity in banana flour.

A declaration on the value of experiential measures of food and water insecurity to improve science and policies in Latin America and the Caribbean - Unalm

A declaration on the value of experiential measures of food and water insecurity to improve science and policies in Latin America and the Caribbean

Autores:

Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez, Pablo Gaitán-Rossi, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla, Teresa Shama-Levy, Graciela Teruel-Belismelis, Sera L Young

Background Water security is necessary for good health, nutrition, and wellbeing, but experiences with water have not typically been measured. Given that measurement of experiences with food access, use, acceptability, and reli‐ ability (stability) has greatly expanded our ability to promote food security, there is an urgent need to similarly improve the measurement of water security. The Water InSecurity Experiences (WISE) Scales show promise in doing so because they capture user‐side experiences with water in a more holistic and precise way than traditional sup‐ ply‐ side indicators. Early use of the WISE Scales in Latin American & the Caribbean (LAC) has revealed great prom‐ ise, although representative data are lacking for most of the region. Concurrent measurement of experiential food and water insecurity has the potential to inform the development of better‐targeted interventions that can advance human and planetary health. 

Main text On April 20–21, 2023, policymakers, community organizers, and researchers convened at Universidad Iber‐ oamericana in Mexico City to discuss lessons learned from using experiential measures of food and water insecurity
in LAC. At the meeting’s close, organizers read a Declaration that incorporated key meeting messages. The Declaration recognizes the magnitude and severity of the water crisis in the region as well as globally. It acknowledges that tra‐ ditional measurement tools do not capture many salient water access, use, and reliability challenges. It recognizes that the WISE Scales have the potential to assess the magnitude of water insecurity more comprehensively and accu‐ rately at community, state, and national levels, as well as its (inequitable) relationship with poverty, poor health. As such, WISE data can play an important role in ensuring more accountability and strengthening water systems govern‐ ance through improved public policies and programs. Declaration signatories express their willingness to promote the widespread use of the WISE Scales to understand the prevalence of water insecurity, guide investment decisions, measure the impacts of interventions and natural shocks, and improve public health. 

Conclusions Fifty‐three attendees endorsed the Declaration – available in English, Spanish and Portuguese— as an important step to making progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6, “Clean Water and Sanitation for All”, and towards the realization of the human right to water. 

Cambio del gasto en alimentos ultraprocesados en agricultores familiares del área rural del Perú, comparación entre el año 2009 y 2019 - Unalm

Cambio del gasto en alimentos ultraprocesados en agricultores familiares del área rural del Perú, comparación entre el año 2009 y 2019

Autores:

Aparco JP, Cárdenas-Quintana H, Fuentes E, Gómez CA.

Objetivo. Determinar el cambio del gasto en alimentos ultraprocesados (AUP) en agricultores familiares del área rural del Perú, en los años 2009 y 2019.

Metodología. Estudio de análisis secundario de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (ENAHO) del año 2009 y 2019. La población de estudio fueron los agricultores familiares del área rural del Perú. Se determinó el gasto promedio mensual en AUP consumidos dentro del hogar para el año 2009 y 2019 y se estimaron las diferencias en el gasto para el dominio rural total y los dominios geográficos costa norte, centro y sur, sierra norte, centro y sur y selva. Se usó la prueba t de Student y la prueba z de proporciones para evaluar el cambio promedio y porcentuales del gasto total destinado a la compra de AUP.

Resultados. El promedio de gasto en AUP fue de S/82,56 en 2009 y de S/74,18 en 2019, esta reducción resultó significativa para el dominio Rural total y en 5 de 7 dominios (p <0,05), estos resultados fueron similares en el porcentaje del gasto total destinado a la compra de AUP.

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